This is especially important for protecting tissues of the central nervous system, where pH changes too far outside of the normal range in either direction could prove disastrous (see acidosis or alkalosis). With carbonic acid as the central intermediate species, bicarbonate – in conjunction with water, hydrogen ions, and carbon dioxide – forms this buffering system, which is maintained at the volatile equilibrium required to provide prompt resistance to pH changes in both the acidic and basic directions. 70%–75% of CO 2 in the body is converted into carbonic acid (H 2CO 3), which is the conjugate acid of HCO − Physiological role ģ) is a vital component of the pH buffering system of the human body (maintaining acid–base homeostasis). Many bicarbonates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure in particular, sodium bicarbonate contributes to total dissolved solids, a common parameter for assessing water quality. It is both the conjugate base of carbonic acid Hģ, the carbonate ion, as shown by these equilibrium reactions:ģ + H 2O + OH − ⇌ H 2CO 3 + 2 OH − H 2CO 3 + 2 H 2O ⇌ HCO −Ī bicarbonate salt forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. The bicarbonate ion carries a negative one formal charge and is an amphiprotic species which has both acidic and basic properties. It is isoelectronic with nitric acid HNOģ. The bicarbonate ion (hydrogencarbonate ion) is an anion with the empirical formula HCO −ģ and a molecular mass of 61.01 daltons it consists of one central carbon atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement, with a hydrogen atom attached to one of the oxygens. The term "bicarbonate" was coined in 1814 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula H C O −īicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate ( IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate ) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
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